🇮🇳 印度的首都不是孟買 _ 是誰家竟然有600位傭人 _ 奢華尺度令人驚呆

發表於 Aug 01, 2022

印度的首都不是孟買 _ 是誰家竟然有600位傭人 _ 奢華尺度令人驚呆

The capital of India is not Mumbai. There are 600 servants in the house of the richest man. They are astonishingly luxurious.

D.G. Wander這次來到充滿異國風情的國家：印度。提到印度，恆河、如神一般的牛、婦女的吉祥痣等印象，一定會浮現眼前。順帶一提，孟買雖是印度第一大城，但印度的首都是新德里（New Delhi）喔。D.G. Wander就帶你一起遊覽印度各種不思議的文化。

This time, D.G. Wander is in a country full of exoticism, India. When it comes to India, images such as the Ganges River, the god-like cow, and the auspicious moles of women will surely come to mind. By the way, although Mumbai is the largest city in India, the capital of India is New Delhi. Now, D.G. Wander is taking you on a tour of the incredible cultures of India.

印度 / India

2021 人均 GDP / 2021 GDP per capita：USD$ 2,280（150th in the world）

總人口數 / Population：14億零680萬 / 1,406.8 M

官方語言 / Language：印地語、英語 / Hindi, English

首都 / Capital：新德里 / New Delhi

國土面積 / Area：3,287,000km²

金磚五國之一：近年迅速崛起的大國

India, one of the BRICS: The great power that has risen rapidly in recent years

PHOTO by yurakrasil from envatoelements

印度是經濟發展速度最快的國家之一，目前是全球第六大經濟體，過去十年曾被封為金磚五國（BRICS，巴西、俄羅斯、印度，中國，南非）之一。印度的通訊業（包含電話及網路通訊）成長最為快速，全球大型的通訊科技外包公司，有近半位於印度；2017年印度超越美國，成為全球第二大智慧型手機市場，僅次於中國。

India is one of the fastest-growing economies, currently the sixth-largest economy in the world, and has been designated one of the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) in the past decade. India's communications industry (including telephone and Internet communications) is growing the fastest. Nearly half of the world's largest communications technology outsourcing companies are located in India; In 2017, India surpassed the United States to become the world's second-largest smartphone market, second only to China.

英語作為印度的第二官方語言，因此擁有許多精通英語的人口，印度也是全球主要的資訊服務業生產國和電腦軟體出口國，許多國際的電腦軟體工程師都是印度出身，而印度的金融與技術服務產業，在全球經濟體系中亦舉足輕重。

As the second official language of India, a lot of the population speaks English. India is also a major producer of information services and a computer software exporter in the world. Many international computer software engineers are from India. The service industry also plays an important role in the global economic system.

印度的恆河：洗滌罪惡的聖河

Ganges River, The holy river that washes away sin

PHOTO by twenty20photos from envatoelements

印度教教徒相信，在他們信仰中的聖河──恆河中沐浴，可以洗滌過錯與罪惡，因此在恆河邊看到有人直接洗起澡來，在印度是家常便飯。恆河也是印度知名的朝聖地，即使不入浴，教徒也會在河岸邊靜思冥想。

Hindus believe that bathing in the holy river of their beliefs, the Ganges, can wash away faults and sins. Therefore, it is commonplace in India to see someone taking a bath directly by the Ganges. The Ganges is also a well-known pilgrimage site in India. Even if they don't bathe, believers will meditate on the banks of the river.

為何會將恆河視為聖河？印度教認為，恆河發源於中國西藏的聖湖──瑪旁雍錯（藏文轉寫：Ma-pham g.yu-mtsho，印度人稱之為「瑪納斯湖」Manasarowar），因此具有神聖的地位。除了洗滌罪惡外，教徒也會在恆河上舉辦葬禮，將骨灰或遺體、遺物置入河中，期盼往生者獲得更好的來世。而印度教許多著名的朝聖城市，也多位於恆河兩岸。

Why is the Ganges River considered a holy river? People in Hinduism believe that the Ganges originates from the holy lake in Tibet, China: Lake Manasarovar (Ma-pham g.yu-mtsho in Tibetan and Indians call it "Manasarowar"). So, this makes the Ganges a sacred status. In addition to washing sins, believers also hold funerals on the Ganges River, placing ashes or remains, relics into the river, hoping for a better afterlife for the deceased. Many famous Hindu pilgrimage cities are also located on both sides of the Ganges.

吉祥痣：印度婦女眉心紅點的意涵

Auspicious moles: the meaning of the red dot between the eyebrows of Indian women

PHOTO by Manjeet Singh Yadav from Pexels

信仰印度教的婦女喜歡在眉心點上一顆「吉祥痣」，其實原是丈夫在婚宴中為妻子點上的，代表喜慶與吉祥之意，是一種好運的象徵。時至今日，吉祥痣已不限於結婚場合，它除了宗教意味之外，繽紛的色彩也是打扮用的裝飾素材，同時也成為印度女性的時尚元素，甚至連男性也會使用。

Women who believe in Hinduism often draw an auspicious mole between eyebrows. In fact, it was originally dotted by the husband for his wife at the wedding banquet. It represents joy and auspiciousness and is a symbol of good luck. Today, auspicious moles are not limited to wedding occasions. In addition to religious meaning, different colors are also available for dressing up. At the same time, they have also become fashion elements for Indian women, and even men can do it as well.

不同顏色和形狀的吉祥痣代表不同的意義，最常見的是紅色，依照慣例只有已婚婦女才能使用，未婚婦女則是使用彩色的吉祥痣。有些父母會在小孩頭上點個黑痣，據說是害怕神明嫉妒孩子的美貌，為避免早夭而刻意讓孩子的臉變醜。挺有趣的吧！

Auspicious moles of different colors and shapes represent different meanings. The most common one is red. By convention, only married women can draw them, while unmarried women use colored ones. Some parents draw a black mole on their children's heads. It is said that they are afraid that the gods will be jealous of their beauty, so they deliberately make the children's faces ugly to avoid an early death. It is an interesting fact for sure.

這些都不可以：印度文化中的禁忌

Below are the taboos that should not do in Indian culture

PHOTO by Lobachad from envatoelements

1. 用左手，還是右手？ / Left hand or right hand?

在傳統上，印度人慣用右手吃飯，左手則是如廁時使用的，帶有不潔之意。即使是現代，用左手拿東西給印度人，還是很不禮貌的行為！舉凡吃飯、付款、遞東西……等，在印度用右手就對了。

Traditionally, Indians eat with their right hand and use their left hand when going to the toilet, which means uncleanness. Even in modern times, it is still very rude to give something to an Indian with the left hand! For example, in India, eating, paying, delivering things, and so on should use the right hand.

2. 關於廟宇的禁忌 / Taboos about temples

進入印度的寺廟必須赤腳踏入，因為鞋子是不聖潔的。但還有一點你很可能會忽略：牛皮製品也是禁止帶進寺廟的喔。你一定聽過印度人不吃牛，他們將牛視為聖獸，所以他們也是不殺牛的，帶牛皮製品（如錢包、背包）進入神聖的場域形同犯戒，是很嚴重的事！

To enter a temple in India one must go barefoot because shoes are unholy. But there is one more thing you are likely to overlook, cowhide products are also prohibited from being brought into the temple. You must have heard that Indians do not eat cows. They regard cows as sacred animals, so they do not kill cows. Bringing cowhide products (such as wallets and backpacks) into sacred fields is a violation of the precepts, which is very serious!

3. 關於小孩的禁忌 / Taboos about children

在印度不可隨意碰觸小孩頭部，因為他們相信神明會停留在那裡，是很尊貴的。另外，他們也不會將小孩放進浴缸洗澡，因為不會流動的水稱為「死水」，是不吉利與災禍的象徵，所以會極力避免。

In India, it is not allowed to touch the head of a child at will, because they believe that the gods will stay there, which is very honorable. In addition, they will not put children in the bathtub to take a bath, because the water that does not flow is called "stagnant water", which is a symbol of bad luck and disaster, so they will try their best to avoid it.

印度首富：花錢如流水的電信業大亨

The richest man in India, a telecom tycoon who spends money like water

PHOTO by Francis Mascarenhas from REUTERS

在2022年《富比士》雜誌全球富豪排行榜中，有位印度富商擠進第10名，那就是穆克什安巴尼（Mukesh Ambani），總資產達907億美元。他是信實工業（Reliance Industries）的主席兼董事總經理，而信實工業在石油、天然氣、電信和零售等產業都有其地位。特別是電信產業，安巴尼讓4G網路和智慧型手機在印度普及化，身價也因此扶搖直上，從2019年的500億美元，短短三年將近翻倍，相當驚人！

In the 2022 "Forbes" magazine's list of the world's richest people, a rich Indian businessman is in 10th place. He is Mukesh Ambani, with a total asset of 90.7 billion US dollars. He is Chairman and Managing Director of Reliance Industries, which has a presence in industries such as oil, gas, telecommunications, and retail. Especially in the telecommunications industry, Ambani has popularized 4G networks and smartphones in India, and his net worth has skyrocketed. From 50 billion US dollars in 2019, which has nearly doubled in just three years till 2022, which is amazing.

安巴尼家族的奢華尺度也是破表，妻子1.7萬美元的鑲鑽鞋只穿一次，這還不算什麼，女兒的婚禮花了1億美元，造價10億美元的27層樓豪宅，寺廟、舞廳、私人電影院、私人醫院、健身房、游泳池、三溫暖、空中花園……等設施應有盡有，據說光是傭人就有600多位，每月的電費高達10萬美金，顛覆眾人三觀！

The luxury of the Ambani family is unbelievable. The diamond-studded shoes cost $17,000 and are only worn once by his wife. That's just nothing to his family. The daughter's wedding cost 100 million US dollars, and there are temples, dance halls, private cinemas, private hospitals, gyms, swimming pools, saunas, sky gardens, and other facilities in their 27-story mansion costing 1 billion US dollars. It is said that they have more than 600 servants, and the monthly electricity bill is as high as 100,000 US dollars, subverting everyone's views!