🇨🇦 加拿大的首都不是溫哥華 _ 同時讓人意想不到這個國家如此年輕

加拿大的首都不是溫哥華 _ 同時讓人意想不到這個國家如此年輕

The capital of Canada is not Vancouver. At the same time, it is unexpected how young this country is.

D.G. Wander這次要帶大家來領略加拿大的自然與人文之美。首先要強調的是，加拿大的首都不是溫哥華（Vancouver），也非第一大城多倫多（Toronto），而是渥太華（Ottawa）。加拿大風景優美眾所周知，但她的美絕對不只是這樣。讓我們來一探究竟。

This time, D.G. Wander will take you to appreciate the beauty of nature and humanity in Canada. The first thing to emphasize is that the capital of Canada is not Vancouver, nor the largest city Toronto, but Ottawa. Canada is known for its beautiful scenery, but it's not just that. Let's find out.

加拿大 / Canada

2021 人均 GDP / 2021 GDP per capita：USD$ 52,080（15th in the world）

總人口數 / Population：3840萬 / 38.4 M

官方語言 / Language：英語、法語 / English, French

首都：渥太華 / Capital：Ottawa

國土面積 / Area：9,985,000km²

加拿大的歷史與多元文化

Canadian History and Multiculturalism

PHOTO By Caio from pexels

加拿大原是英國的屬地，1867年建國，成為「加拿大聯邦」；1931年英國通過《西敏法案》，加拿大於內政和外交皆擁有一定的獨立自主權；1982年4月17日，加拿大女王伊麗莎白二世簽署命令，終止英國修改加拿大憲法的權力，並將修憲權交付加拿大國會，此時加拿大才算完全獨立，而與英國正式分離。很多人以為加拿大應該和美國差不多年紀吧，原來，作為我們所熟悉的北美國家，加拿大竟令人意想不到地年輕！

Canada was originally a territory of the United Kingdom. It was established in 1867 and became the "Confederation of Canada"; In 1931, the United Kingdom passed ''The Statute of Westminster'', which gave Canada a certain degree of independence and autonomy in domestic and foreign affairs; On April 17, 1982, Queen Elizabeth II signed an order to terminate the power of the United Kingdom to amend the Canadian Constitution, and to hand over the power to the Canadian Parliament. At this time, Canada was considered fully independent and officially separated from the United Kingdom. Many people think that Canada should be about the same country age as the United States. It turns out that, as a North American country we are familiar with, Canada is unexpectedly young!

加拿大現由10個省份及3個特區所組成，國土面積為全球第2大，人口密度僅約3.85人 / 平方公里（台灣約是它的170倍），是個地廣人稀的國度，但生活品質良好，在教育水準、人民自由度、政府透明度與經濟自由度等指標皆名列前茅，多次被聯合國及《富比士》雜誌評選為最適合居住國或退休移居國。加拿大擁有多元的種族及文化，同時也是一個典型的移民國家，約有2成5的人口屬於移民，其多元文化也受到憲法保障。

Canada is now composed of 10 provinces and 3 special zones. Its land area is the second largest in the world, and its population density is only about 3.85 people per square kilometer (Taiwan is about 170 times larger). It is a sparsely populated country. However, the quality of life is wonderful, ranking among the best in terms of education standards, liberty, government transparency, and economic freedom. It has been selected by the United Nations and "Forbes" magazine as the most suitable country to live or retire to. Canada has diverse races and cultures and is also a typical immigrant country. About 25% of the population belongs to immigrants, and its multiculturalism is also guaranteed by the constitution.

秋季著名的自然景觀：楓葉

Famous Natural Sights in Autumn: Maple Leaves

PHOTO by leungchopan from envatoelements

加拿大素有「楓葉之國」的美稱，看到國旗上的楓葉，就知道加拿大楓葉的自然景觀是她一大特色。每到秋季，全球各地的旅行團都規劃了賞楓行程。為什麼楓葉值得欣賞？紅、橙、黃、綠四種不同層次的繽紛顏色，就像大自然換上了秋天的新衣裳，宜人景色怎能錯過？

Canada is known as the "Land of Maple Leaves". When you see the maple leaf on the national flag, you know that the natural landscape of maple leaves is a major feature of the country. Every autumn, tour groups from all over the world start to plan their itinerary to appreciate the maple leaf. You may ask why is it worth admiring? The colorful colors of red, orange, yellow, and green are at different levels, just like the nature has put on new clothes for autumn. How can you miss this pleasant scenery?

東部一條「楓葉大道」連結40號、417號和407號公路，總長約800公里，貫通多倫多、渥太華、蒙特婁和魁北克等知名城市，沿途盡覽山峰、峽谷、河流、湖泊等自然景觀，美不勝收，可以在賞楓的同時順道巡禮各大城市。西部也有賞楓葉的好地方，洛磯山脈國家公園群就是最好的去處。

A "Maple Leaf Avenue" in the east connects Highways 40, 417, and 407, with a total length of about 800 kilometers. It runs through well-known cities such as Toronto, Ottawa, Montreal, and Quebec. Along the way, you can enjoy natural landscapes such as mountains, canyons, rivers, and lakes. You can take a tour of major cities while viewing the maple leaves. There are also good places to enjoy in the west, and the Rocky Mountain National Park is the best place to go.

世界第一名的「戶外冒險城市」，就在加拿大

The world's top-ranked "Outdoor Adventure City" is in Canada

Photo by imagexphoto from envatoelements

英國廣播公司 BBC 曾經票選過「戶外冒險城市」，其中加拿大的溫哥華獲得第一名。在溫哥華，戶外休閒活動像是登山、滑雪、騎自行車和攀岩等都非常方便，例如攀岩勝地斯闊米什（Squamish）就在溫哥華附近，且到處都有自行車道，而溫哥華距離世界知名的惠斯勒滑雪度假中心（Whistler-Blackcomb）只有115公里，所以溫哥華是結合自然與戶外運動的最佳典範。

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) once conducted a poll for the "Outdoor Adventure City," and Vancouver, Canada, claimed the top spot. In Vancouver, outdoor recreational activities such as hiking, skiing, cycling, and rock climbing are extremely accessible. For instance, the renowned climbing destination of Squamish is located near Vancouver, and there are cycling lanes throughout the city. Moreover, Vancouver is only 115 kilometers away from the world-famous Whistler-Blackcomb ski resort, making it an exemplary combination of nature and outdoor sports.

加拿大還有許多知名的戶外休閒活動，例如露營和划船。露營是加拿大人喜愛的活動之一，加拿大擁有許多露營地點，從國家公園到省立公園，提供適合帳篷、房車或露天露營的設施。人們可以在大自然中露營，享受野外烤肉、篝火和星空的美景。此外，加拿大擁有眾多湖泊和河流，是划獨木舟和划船的理想地點，還可欣賞湖光山色和獨特的自然景觀。

Canada also offers numerous renowned outdoor recreational activities, such as camping and canoeing. Camping is a beloved activity among Canadians, and the country provides a wealth of camping locations, ranging from national parks to provincial parks, offering facilities suitable for tents, RVs, or open-air camping. People can enjoy the beauty of the wilderness while camping, indulging in outdoor barbecues, campfires, and the splendor of the starry night sky. Additionally, Canada boasts numerous lakes and rivers, making it an ideal destination for canoeing and boating, allowing visitors to admire the picturesque landscapes and unique natural scenery.

溫哥華的電影工業：北方好萊塢

Film Industry in Vancouver: Hollywood North

PHOTO  By BrianAJackson from envatoelements

美國有好萊塢，加拿大則有溫哥華。是的，雖然溫哥華不是加拿大的首都，但她是繼好萊塢和紐約之後，北美第三大的製片中心，因此又有「北方好萊塢」（Hollywood North）之稱。1988年，加拿大和美國簽署《加美自由貿易協定》後，外國製片人對於加拿大影視產業的投資大幅增加，美、加影視產業的合作也與日俱增。

There is Hollywood in the United States and Vancouver in Canada. Although Vancouver is not the capital of Canada, it is the third-largest film production center in North America after Hollywood and New York, so it is also known as "Hollywood North". In 1988, after Canada and the United States signed the ''Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement'', the investment of foreign producers in the Canadian film industry increased significantly, and the cooperation between the United States and Canada's film industry also increased day by day.

溫哥華經常被選為電影拍攝的地點，因為她的氣候──雲量適中，自然的光線有利於後期製作；而周邊擁有各種不同的環境，從森林、海灘等自然風景到高樓大廈或唐人街，能滿足各式的取景需求；加上當地政府減稅和補貼等政策，讓影人倍感親切。溫哥華電影學院（Vancouver Film School，VFS）也是影視教育產業的名校，每年秋季舉行的溫哥華國際電影節（Vancouver International Film Festival，VIFF）也吸引全球各地的影片前來參展。

Vancouver is often chosen as a filming location because of its climate - moderate cloudiness and natural light which is good for post-production. There are a variety of different environments around, from natural scenery such as forests and beaches to high-rise buildings or Chinatown, which can meet all kinds of framing needs. In addition, the local government's policies such as tax cuts and subsidies make filmmakers more willing to go. Vancouver Film School (VFS) is also a famous school in the education of the film industry. The Vancouver International Film Festival (VIFF) held every fall also attracts films from all over the world.

魁北克省：歐洲和美洲的十字路口

Quebec: the Crossroads of Europe and America

PHOTO by diegograndi from envatoelements

加拿大的魁北克省（法語：Québec / 英語：Quebec）是美洲主要的法語地區，也是加拿大一級行政區中，唯一將法語列為單一官方語言的省份，有「美麗之省」（法語：La belle province）的稱號。首府在魁北克市（法語：Ville de Québec / 英語：Quebec City），最大城為蒙特婁（法語：Montréal / 英語：Montreal）。

The Canadian province of Quebec (French: Québec) is the main French-speaking region in the Americas and the only province in Canada that lists French as a single official language. Besides, the name Quebec is also known as the province of beauty (French: La belle province). The capital is Quebec City (French: Ville de Québec), and the largest city is Montreal (French: Montréal).

作為加拿大的主要法語區，魁北克省與北美的主流文化有些距離，也由於歷史等因素，成為多種文化交融的地方，因而被形容成「歐洲和美洲的十字路口」，在魁北克同時融合了法國、美國和英國等異國文化，是個具有獨特魅力的省分。魁北克市也是北美最早開發的殖民地之一，保有許多古老的城牆建築，「魁北克歷史城區」於1985年被聯合國教科文組織列為世界文化遺產。位於聖勞倫斯河岸旁的芳堤娜城堡（法語：Château Frontenac，又稱「芳堤娜古堡酒店」）於1893年落成，充滿古色古香，是魁北克市的知名地標。 

As the main French-speaking region of Canada, Quebec is somewhat distant from the mainstream culture in North America. Due to factors such as history, it has become a place where various cultures blend. Therefore, it is described as "the crossroads of Europe and America". Quebec is a province with a unique charm, which is a fusion of exotic cultures such as France, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Quebec City is also one of the earliest developed colonies in North America and retains many ancient cities. The ''Old Quebec'' was listed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985. The Château Frontenac, located on the banks of the Saint Lawrence River, was completed in 1893 and is full of antiques. It is a well-known landmark in Quebec City.